OCEAN GOING OIL TANKERS
One EACH, EXTERNALIZED POLLUTION cost In 2005, 2.42 billion metric tons of oil were shipped by tanker. In 2006, 76.7% of this was crude oil, and the rest consisted of refined petroleum products.
This amounted to 34.1% of all seaborne trade for the year. Combining the amount carried with the distance it was carried, oil tankers moved
11,705 billion metric-ton-miles of oil in 2005.By comparison, in 1970 1.44 billion metric tons of oil were shipped by tanker. This amounted to 34.1% of all seaborne trade for that year. In terms of amount carried and distance carried, oil tankers moved 6,487 billion metric-ton-miles of oil in 1970.
The main loading ports in 2005 were located in Western Asia, Western Africa, North Africa, and the Caribbean, with 196.3, 196.3, 130.2 and 246.6 million metric tons of cargo loaded in these regions.
The main discharge ports were located in North America, Europe, and Japan with 537.7, 438.4, and 215.0 million metric tons of cargo discharged in these regions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_tanker]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_tanker
No big deal in cost or infrastructure, the fossil fuelers claim (never mind the yearly ocean pollution from spills AND normal operation...). Looky here, how CHEAP it is to move crude around! And please be charitable with their use of the word "efficiency" as if either pipelines or tankers WERE ENERGY GENERATING ENGINES!
Second only to pipelines in terms of
efficiency, the average cost of oil transport by tanker amounts to only two or three United States cents per 1 US gallon (3.8 L).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_tankerThat COST figure above is a GIANT, BOLD FACED LIE! Only through extremely creative accounting (accelerated depreciation, ignoring energy used to mine, refine and manufacture the tankers and pipes themselves and, OF COURSE, "cooperation" from finance capital for low interest, long term financing and oil loving national NON-regulations) can they come up with that "TWO to THREE cents per US gallon FICTION.
The world's largest supertanker was built in 1979 at the Oppama shipyard by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. as the Seawise Giant. This ship was built with a capacity of 564,763 DWT, a length overall of 458.45 metres (1,504.1 ft) and a draft of 24.611 metres (80.74 ft). She had 46 tanks, 31,541 square metres (339,500 sq ft) of deck, and at her full load draft, could not navigate the English Channel.
The above is the 1979 GIANT polluting pig compared with SKYSCRAPERS. Please NOTE the capacity of 564,763 DWT.
The latest ones aren't quite that big but they are still REALLY BIG PIGS!Hellespont Alhambra (now TI Asia), a ULCC TI class supertanker, which are the largest ocean-going oil tankers in the worldAs of 2011, the world's two largest working supertankers are the TI class supertankers TI Europe and TI Oceania. These ships were built in 2002 and 2003 as the Hellespont Alhambra and Hellespont Tara for the Greek
Each of the sister ships has a capacity of over
441,500 DWT, a length overall of 380.0 metres (1,246.7 ft) and a cargo capacity of 3,166,353 barrels (503,409,900 l).
They were the first ULCCs to be double-hulled. (agelbert note: They were SCHEDULED TO BE BUILT DOUBLE HULLED IN THE 1980S BUT Reagan STOPPED THAT SO THE POOR BABIES WOULDN'T SUFFER PROFIT REDUCTION! Thank you, REAGAN, for EXXON VALDEZ!)To differentiate them from smaller ULCCs, these ships are sometimes given the V-Plus size designation.
OIL TANKER DWT:
1970-1980 8.0 million DWT
1980-1990 8.7 million DWT1990-2000 20.8 million DWT In 2005, 475 new oil tankers were built, accounting for 30.7 million DWT. The average size for these new tankers was 64,632 DWT. Nineteen of these were VLCC size, 19 were suezmax, 51 were aframax, and the rest were smaller designs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_tanker
This looks like an industry that IS EXPANDING, not contracting.
This looks like an industry that will do everything it can to PREVENT a transition Renewable Energy (30.7 million DWT ). Renewable Energy really IS cheap. That is why the fossil fuelers want to kill it. As MKing would say, it's not personal; it's just "business".
1) The oceans of the world would be much less polluted without them. If you don't agree, just google annual oil tanker spills and accidents for the last 50 years. This cost is IGNORED by the MKings of this world when they study cost/supply curves. Then there are the trains, the trucks, gasoline stations, the giant tank facilities all over the world, the refineries, etc. NONE OF THAT cost exists for Renewable Energy! And don't forget that coal is even WORSE!
2) They don't generate ANY energy, use enormous amounts of energy to build, including the metals and machinery mining, refining and manufacturing. YET, not ONE article from a fossil fueler mentions this when wailing and moaning about those "huge" energy costs to build wind turbines and solar panels!
3) They DO NOT last as long as solar panels or wind turbines, which, unlike oil tankers, can be nearly 100% recycled without pollution or high energy costs. In 2005, the average age of oil tankers worldwide was 10 years. Of these, 31.6% were under 4 years old and 14.3% were over 20 years old.
Consequently, no rational accountant could claim that oil tankers are a prudent investment as a "cost effective business expense". Do you know how tankers are "recycled"? YEP! Using MORE energy and generating MORE pollution and health problems for the poor saps working in scrapping yards. Another COST that we-the-people PAY and big oil IGNORES. The fossil fuel industry is 100% WASTE BASED![/color][/size]
Now dear readers, do you expect ANY of these
conspiracy theory FACTS will be discussed rationally by the fossil fuelers like MKing? Of course not. They know what they are defending is, in purely logical terms, not defendable.
So, they use ridicule, hyperbole, exaggeration, denial of facts, avoid apples to apples energy use comparisons like the plague and just generally wing it!
1. For anyone doubting the scale of the massive dead weight on the planet that the fossil fuel industry is, just add up all the pipes, tankers, drill rigs, refineries, gasoline stations, port facilities exclusively used for oil, natural gas and coal, trains, trucks, recycling in scrap yards, pollution and health costs, bought politicians and last but absolutely essential, the goon squad expenses needed to make fossil fuel "profits".
2. NOW, ADD that to the cost of making internal combustion engines and fossil fuel power plants.
3. Last step: COMPARISON WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY
Add NONE OF THE ABOVE to the cost of making wind turbines, solar panels and any other renewable energy technology you can think of.
GET IT?
I do. MKing does too. That's why he won't go there. The moment he becomes part of the reality based community, he has no argument.