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Author Topic: Special Sensory Perception  (Read 1090 times)

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AGelbert

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Special Sensory Perception
« on: January 04, 2015, 09:37:38 pm »

Songbirds fly coop long before tornadoes arrive in Tennessee

Thursday, December 18, 2014 

By Will Dunham

WASHINGTON (Reuters) – You might want to be careful about who you call a birdbrain. Some of our feathered friends exhibit powers of perception that put humans to shame.



Scientists said on Thursday that little songbirds known as golden-winged warblers fled their nesting grounds in Tennessee up to two days before the arrival of a fierce storm system that unleashed 84 tornadoes in southern U.S. states in April.  :o The researchers said the birds were apparently alerted to the danger by sounds at frequencies below the range of human hearing. 

The storm killed 35 people, wrecked many homes, toppled trees and tossed vehicles around like toys, but the warblers were already long gone, flying up to 930 miles (1,500 km) to avoid the storm and reaching points as far away as Florida and Cuba, the researchers said.


Local weather conditions were normal when the birds took flight from their breeding ground in the Cumberland Mountains of eastern Tennessee, with no significant changes in factors like barometric pressure, temperature or wind speeds. And the storm, already spawning tornadoes, was still hundreds of miles away.

“This suggests that these birds can detect severe weather at great distances,” said wildlife biologist David Andersen of the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Minnesota, one of the researchers in the study published in the journal Current Biology.

    “We hypothesize that the birds were detecting infrasound from tornadoes that were already occurring when the storm was still quite distant from our study site,” Andersen added.


Infrasound is below the normal limits of human hearing, but some animals can hear it.

The warblers came right back home after the storm passed, said fellow researcher Henry Streby, an ecologist from the University of California, Berkeley.

 
Male Golden-winged warbler

The researchers, who were already studying the migratory patterns of the warblers, tracked their evacuation using transmitters that had been placed on a small number of the birds.



Female Golden-winged warbler

Golden-winged warblers boast gray plumage marked by patches of yellow on the head and wings. They weigh about 0.30 ounces (9 grams) and have a wingspan of about 7.5 inches (19 cm).

The warblers spend winters in Central America and northern South America before migrating back to the Appalachian Mountain region of the southern United States and the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada to breed.

(Writing by Will Dunham; Editing by Lisa Von Ahn)

http://newsdaily.com/2014/12/songbirds-fly-coop-long-before-tornadoes-arrive-in-tennessee/#RIxVIVXBf0tlgQP6.99
« Last Edit: June 08, 2019, 12:56:12 pm by AGelbert »
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AGelbert

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Re: Special Sensory Perception
« Reply #1 on: March 24, 2017, 07:01:25 pm »
 

Why woodpeckers don’t get headaches

Tibi Puiu March 23, 2017

Your typical woodpecker will bang its head against wood 20 times per second, accelerating 1,200 times more than gravity. In an average day, a woodpecker does this around 12,000 times. Despite the serious head banging, the woodpecker suffers no concussions or any kind of head injury. What’s this bird made of? 

Credit: Pixabay

To get to the bottom of things, a team of researchers from Beijing and Hong Kong zoomed in on the woodpecker’s behaviour closer than anyone ever had. The birds were put inside a special chamber where two synchronous high-speed cameras recorded their pecking, and a force sensor measured the peck force.

The birds’ heads were also scanned with x-rays and an electron microscope to image the bone structure. Preserved woodpecker skulls were also placed in a material testing machine and crushed for science. This data was then used to build a 3D model of the birds’ heads which they can then smash in simulations, without hurting any actual live woodpeckers.

This battery of tests revealed the woodpecker’s skull is unsurprisingly very sturdy, unlike most birds whose skulls are fragile. It’s made out of extremely strong, yet compressible sponge-like bone. The spongy bone is unevenly distributed around the skull, being most concentrated in the forehead and the back of the skull. Additionally, the beak and skull are connected by an elastic tissue which helps cushion the blow.

Inside the skull, the woodpecker’s brain is also armoured. Unlike human brains which are floating about in a pool of cushioning cerebrospinal fluid, the woodpecker’s brain is very tightly enclosed in the skull, with little or no cerebrospinal fluid. This means its brain doesn’t move about very much and collision force is spread out evenly over a larger area. Probably, this is the most important feature that helps woodpeckers avoid concussions.

Scanning electron microscope images of the cranial bone and beak bone of the great spotted woodpecker and the lark Cranial bone of (a) woodpecker and (b) lark; beak of (c) woodpecker and (d) lark. Credit: PLOS ONE

The beak’s construction also helps a lot. The outer tissue of the upper beak is longer than the lower beak, but the bone structure of the lower beak is longer and stronger than the upper one. This overbite divests impact stress away from the brain and distributes it around the lower beak and bottom parts of the skull.

When you’re hammering out at over 1,000 g, you better wear some protection goggles. Woodpeckers have so-called nictitans — thick membranes beneath the lower lid of the eyes — which protect them from debris. The nictitans also act as seatbelts for the eyes, fixing them in place so the retina doesn’t tear and the eye doesn’t pop right out the skull for that matter.

The high-speed cameras also revealed the woodpeckers vary the paths of their pecks. As they constantly move their heads and beaks around, so fast that’s impossible to see with the naked eye, the birds essentially minimize the number of times in a row that the skull makes contact in the same point.

The researchers say 99.7 percent of the energy from striking a tree is absorbed by the woodpecker’s body, and only 0.3 percent actually impacts the brain. This energy mostly heats the brain, so to cope woodpeckers usually peck in short bursts with breaks in between. Researchers suppose these brief breaks serve to cool the woodpecker’s brain.

Findings appeared in the journal PLOS ONE.

Credit: McMaster University


Visit the link below to see the fascinating slow motion Gif of a Woodpecker pecking!  :o 


http://www.zmescience.com/science/woodpeckers-dont-get-headaches/
He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. Matt 10:37

AGelbert

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Re: Special Sensory Perception
« Reply #2 on: April 16, 2017, 04:07:41 pm »
Which Animals Use Starlight to Help with Navigation?

It’s not rocket science, but a male dung beetle’s quest to navigate a newly-formed ball of dung in a straight line -- in order to avoid marauders who might steal the dung, and to get back to his mate as quickly as possible -- does require a certain amount of expertise in celestial navigation. In a 2013 study published in Current Biology, zoologist Marie Dacke’s team determined the dung beetle can find its way using only the Milky Way as a guide. Birds, seals, and humans have been known to use stars for navigation, but this was the first evidence that insects can do so, too.
Dung beetle Onthophagus nigriventris


Rollin', rollin', rollin':  ;D

•Researchers placed African dung beetles in a planetarium, and found that they could navigate just as easily with only the Milky Way visible as with a full starlit sky. Under overcast conditions, the beetles lost their way.

•Dacke's previous research showed that dung beetles use the Moon and celestial polarization patterns to keep moving in a straight line. Now they know that nocturnal beetles can stay on course even on moonless nights.

•“It was assumed insects could not use the stars because their eyes don’t have the resolution to see them,” explains Dacke. Navigating using the entire Milky Way eliminates the need to see individual stars, she says.

http://www.wisegeek.com/which-animals-use-starlight-to-help-with-navigation.htm


Now you know th dung beetles look at, and make use of, the Milky Way.   

He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. Matt 10:37

AGelbert

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Re: Special Sensory Perception
« Reply #3 on: May 07, 2017, 03:03:32 pm »
 

The only Known Solar Powered Vertebrate   

May 4th, 2017  at 5:05 pm by Elena Motivans

Although it looks like a regular salamander, the yellow spotted salamander is completely unique because its embryos use the sun for energy. They have algae inside of their cells that give them oxygen and carbohydrates. This feature that though, of course, necessary in green plants, is not so common in animals. A sea slug, aphid, and hornets are other creatures that share this ability. However, the yellow spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) is the only known photosynthetic vertebrate! In fact, before this finding, it was thought to be impossible.

What is yellow spotted and secretly green?

Yellow spotted salamanders actually look pretty normal; they aren’t green or anything. As the name suggests, the salamander is black with yellow spots. It is very common in North America. However, while the embryo is developing it undergoes photosynthesis. The reason why has to do with the salamander’s life history. The adults go to pools of water to mate and breed. Yellow salamanders only breed in ponds without fish because, otherwise, their larvae would be gobbled up. However, fishless ponds don’t contain very much oxygen. This problem is solved by adding algae into the mix.

The yellow spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum). Image credit: Brian Gratwicke.

It has been known for a long time that the eggs have a symbiotic relationship with algae; the eggs are bright green. Only recently, a researcher from Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia discovered that at a certain period in their development, embryos contain algae within their cells. Part of the green colour of the eggs comes from the embryos themselves.

A two-way relationship

The algae only move into the embryo after parts of the salamander’s nervous system has developed. Looking at time-lapse videos, you can see a flash of green at this time, which is a small algae bloom. The developing embryo releases nitrogen-rich waste at about this time, giving the algae food. Some algae could make it in the embryo at this time.

Once in the salamander, the algae stick near its mitochondria. Mitochondria create energy for animal cells from oxygen and a metabolic form of glucose. The algae appear to be giving oxygen and carbohydrates (the products of photosynthesis) directly to the salamander cells that contain them. The salamander could be using these byproducts to help its own energy production. In return, the embryo gives the algae nitrogen-rich waste and CO2. The algae have also been found in the oviducts of female spotted salamanders. The mother may have the algae already and be passing it down to its offspring by putting it into the egg sac.

The salamander’s eggs are green. Image credits: Fredlyfish4.

Uncommon ability 

The yellow spotted salamander is the first vertebrate to have a photosynthetic symbiont. Before, it was thought to be impossible because vertebrates have an adaptive immune system that should destroy any foreign biologically material. Therefore, it was believed that vertebrates weren’t able to have a symbiont living in them. The spotted salamander may have gotten around this obstacle by turning their immune system off or by the algae not being recognised as foreign. However, the real answer isn’t known yet.

As mentioned, photosynthetic animals are extremely rare and all of the other known cases are invertebrates. The others use slightly different methods to harness solar energy, most commonly by containing some form of microalgae or cyanobacteria inside of them. For example, the emerald green sea slug, Elysia chlorotica, even has genes to sustain the chloroplasts that it contains. It can live for up to nine months without eating anything  :o.

Elysia chlorotica, the solar-powered sea slug, shares a few features with leaves. Image credits: Patrick Krug Cataloging Diversity in the Sacoglossa LifeDesk.


The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) has a fungal gene that produces carotenoids.

Acyrthosiphon pisum apterae are pale green or pink with red eyes. The antennae of Acyrthosiphon pisum are 1.0-1.6 times as long as the body.


A bit differently, oriental hornets (Vespa orientalis) conduct electricity from their exoskeletons, silk, and comb walls. The hornet’s yellow bands contain xanthopterin that absorbs light and turns it into electricity. Unfortunately, this same material makes an inefficient solar panel.


All in all, the yellow spotted salamander is unique in being able to photosynthesize. It has shattered previous perceptions and opened the idea that other vertebrates may also have a symbiotic relationship with algae.


So there you have it— salamander embryos that take energy from the sun.


http://www.zmescience.com/science/biology/animal-files-yellow-spotted-salamander-known-solar-powered-vertebrate/
He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. Matt 10:37

AGelbert

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Re: Special Sensory Perception
« Reply #4 on: July 31, 2018, 08:32:34 pm »
Which Animals Have the Best Night Vision? 🐸

Human vision relies on cells in the retina that are known as rods and cones. Cones help us to see color, but only when there is enough light. Rods take over in low-light conditions, but we see only black-and-white images. Frogs and toads, however, have two types of sensitivities in their rods, allowing them to see colors even in the dark. In a series of experiments in 2017, researchers put frogs in completely dark environments and found that they were able to discern colors and find the exit -- much like the conditions they frequently face in real life.

Never in the dark:

“It’s amazing that these animals can actually see color in extreme darkness, down to the absolute threshold of the visual system,’ said professor Almut Kelber. “These results were unexpected.”

In other experiments, researchers studied how frogs and toads use their color vision when searching for a mate or hunting for food. Turns out that color means little in the hunt for a significant other.

Frogs are nocturnal, and their night vision benefits from a layer of tissue in their eyes called the tapetum lucidum. Animals with this tissue (such as cats) appear to have “eyeshine” in photos.

https://www.wisegeek.com/which-animals-have-the-best-night-vision.htm

« Last Edit: July 22, 2021, 02:02:21 pm by AGelbert »
He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. Matt 10:37

AGelbert

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Re: Special Sensory Perception
« Reply #5 on: June 08, 2019, 03:16:09 pm »
Agelbert NOTE: Except for the obligatory (always dictated by the atheists 'R' US scientific community) bow to Darwin's God rejecting theory, this is a great documentary. It details the extraordinary multi-sensory powers of 🦉 owls, providing proof that said powers are essential to their ability to survive and thrive in so many habitats on this planet.


Owls have differential ear placement on their skulls (one ear is higher than the other).
It is absolutely laughable to claim that they "evolved" this simply because, without it, combined with some other special abilities only owls have among birds of prey, they would NOT be able to pinpoint prey not visible beneath snow or foliage, something they MUST be able to consistently do in order to survive (owls hunt in conditions, mostly nocturnal, that other birds of prey cannot hunt in).

Owl eyes are huge in relation to their skull for a very specific reason (to capture more light in the first place). But that large eye size works together with another light capturing ability unique to owl eyes among birds of prey. That is, they have a lot more rods (needed for night vision) than cones (needed for daylight color vision), so they lose color vision, but have extremely powerful night vision.

There is much more to the OBVIOUSLY INTELLIGENT DESIGN of owl anatomy and physiology, from the larger wings for vertical takeoffs (for nest defence) and slow, almost hovering, flight for hunting, to sound absorbing wing and body (owl feathers are NOT wax covered - not waterproof like noisy duck wing feathers -, which is the reason owl wings are, with the aid of a couple of other specialized feather features, nearly soundless in flight - no other bird can fly as quietly) quiet design to sound capturing and concentrating facial feathers to 270 degree pivoting head (including special vertebra that prevent blood flow from being cut off during extreme head pivots). 

It is laughably illogical AND unscientific to claim that owls "evolved" this set of sensory tools, one by one, at random, while the "small eyed", "low rod count", "symmetrical ear placement", "waterproof winged" and so on owls all "died off" as the "survival of the fittest happy mutations" all came together in some owls by good Darwinian luck to produce modern day owls.

WHY? Because, as the scientific evidence presented in this video proves, these abilities work successfully ONLY if they work in concert. In order for all these sensory abilities to work IN CONCERT, they had to have been SPECIFICALLY designed to work as a team. The owl is a night hunter that uses ALL of its specialized sensory equipment to survive and thrive. Take away any one of these sensory tools and its survival is in jeopardy.

It is a sad commentary on the willful denial of too many modern day scientists of God's incredibly complex and beautiful intelligent design of everything that lives in our biosphere in general, and owls in particular, that they cling to Darwinian nonsense. 

Too many modern scientists just do not want to hear the truth that NATURE was created by God.   


To a an objective person, this video provides irrefutable proof that God created owls to do what owls can do now, from the start, period. 
Quote
As an earring of gold, and an ornament of fine gold, so is a wise reprover upon an obedient ear. -- Proverbs 25:12

OWLS - Owl Documentary (HD) Amazing Film, Owl Power
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He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. Matt 10:37

AGelbert

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Re: Special Sensory Perception
« Reply #6 on: June 10, 2019, 03:40:17 pm »

Here's more about the owl, a highly specialized night hunter, that evidences intelligent design. The shape of owl eyes is unique. As discussed above, owls can rotate their head 270 degrees. The owl eye anatomy and physiology is more evidence that the ability to rotate 270 degrees laterally and 90 degrees up and down could not have "evolved".

WHY? Because the owl head must rotate that much to work in concert with the owl eyes. They work ONLY as a unit. You see, the owl eyes are fixed in position. They cannot move.

They are also elongated to enhance night vision by concentrating the rods along the elongated tube design.

So, the head, the fixed eye position, the elongated eye shape that concentrates the rods for even more superior night vision than would be possible with the same rod count (if the eye was movable and rounded) that enables night vision AND the vertebra in the neck to avoid pinching off blood flow all work as a unit.

All the separate biological anatomical parts of this unit simply would not make sense in the absence of all the others. With eyes that are fixed in the head, the head HAD to be able to turn so many degrees. The vertebra HAD to be designed to allow normal blood flow during extreme head rotation or there would be no advantage to the fixed binocular eyes and 270 neck rotation.

What's more, the differential ear position, combined with the fixed position of the binocular eyes, though not discussed below, obviously aids the owl in postioning its body properly to strike at the prey as it swoops down after pinpointing the prey's location. You see, the strike of an owl has been measured at 12 times its body weight. It is essential for the owl to be in exactly the right position to avoid injuring itself when it strikes the prey and the ground. The video below shows some owls in action. Notice how the head and the talons are always in the same position relative to each other when the strike occurs.


Though not obvious to the casual observer, owls can only strike that hard in a narrowly defined body position in order to avoid injury to themselves. That is how they are able to kill their prey so quickly.   

To claim all this magnificent chorus of mutually reinforcing abilities "evolved" by chance, when they all had to be there at the same time to work properly, is pseudo-scientific Darwinian straw grasping baloney.

An owl friend of mine has a few words to say to the Darwinist true believers:

What’s Unique about an Owl’s Eyesight?

Owls can rotate their heads about 270 degrees in either direction, and up and down about 90 degrees, without moving their shoulders. This maneuverability is key to their ability to spot prey, especially when you consider that an owl doesn’t have eyeballs. Their eyes are shaped more like tubes, and are held rigidly in place by bones called sclerotic rings. Their eyes consist of densely packed retinal rods -- about a million rods per square millimeter -- which help them see in all kinds of light conditions.

The eyes have it:

Owls are farsighted, and they can’t focus on objects that are very close. Whisker-like bristles located near their beaks help them detect objects at close range.

Owls have binocular vision. Binocular vision is the ability to see an object with both eyes, at the same time. This visual acuity increases the owl’s depth perception.

Owls have three eyelids. The upper eyelid closes downward when the owl blinks, and the lower eyelid closes up when the owl sleeps. The third eyelid provides translucent protection, moving horizontally while still allowing the owl to see.

https://www.wisegeek.com/whats-unique-about-an-owls-eyesight.htm
« Last Edit: November 28, 2019, 01:59:07 pm by AGelbert »
He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. Matt 10:37

AGelbert

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Which Animal Is the Best at Mimicry?

Lyrebird

The superb lyrebird is one of Australia’s most beloved birds. The likeness of this peacock-like songbird even appears on the Aussie 10-cent coin. Aside from the male’s energetic courtship display during mating season, the lyrebird’s most amazing talent is its ability to mimic just about any sound. In the wild, males can flawlessly imitate about 20 different bird species, and can even re-create the sound of flocks of birds flitting through the forest. Lyrebirds in captivity have been heard imitating many other natural and mechanical sounds, such as the click of a camera shutter, the sound of a chainsaw , dogs barking, babies crying, and blaring car alarms.

Lyre, lyre, pants on fire: :D

The crafty lyrebird’s best imitation may be that of the distinctive laughing kookaburra’s call. Females also sing occasionally, but not with the same gusto as males.

Lyrebirds living in Australian rainforests sing throughout the year. They are particularly vocal between June and August, when they sometimes sing for up to four hours a day.

Lyrebirds live and roost on the ground and have strong legs and short, rounded wings -- but they’re poor fliers, and rarely take to the air, except for short stints of downhill gliding.

https://www.wisegeek.com/which-animal-is-the-best-at-mimicry.htm



Amazing! 🔊 Bird Sounds From The Lyre Bird - David Attenborough - BBC Wildlife
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Published on Feb 12, 2007
Want more natural history and wildlife videos? Visit the official BBC Earth channel: http://bit.ly/BBCEarthWW

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The BBC Earth YouTube channel is home to over 50 years-worth of the best animal videos from the BBC archive. With three new videos released every week there’s something for all nature lovers from astounding animal behaviour to beautiful imagery. Click here to find our more: http://bit.ly/BBCEarthWW

For more brilliant natural history shows, exclusive to YouTube, head over to our brand-new channel Earth Unplugged! http://www.youtube.com/earthunplugged

David Attenborough presents the amazing lyre bird, which mimics the calls of other birds - and chainsaws and camera shutters - in this video clip from The Life of Birds. This clever creature is one of the most impressive and funny in nature, with unbelievable sounds to match the beautiful pictures.

BBC Worldwide Channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/BBCWorldwide
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« Last Edit: August 18, 2019, 06:24:50 pm by AGelbert »
He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. Matt 10:37

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Sense Of Danger 👀: How Animals Anticipate Disasters
« Reply #8 on: December 17, 2019, 01:50:30 pm »

Sense Of Danger 👀: How Animals Anticipate Disasters (Nature Documentary) | Spark322,777 views • Jul 11, 2017


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Sense of Danger explores the previously unexplained phenomenon of how animals around the world use their innate senses to predict approaching disasters. This film produces evidence from looking at major worldwide disasters, including the tsunami in Thailand and earthquakes in San Francisco and Turkey. It also looks at the 1975 earthquake in China, the only major earthquake in history predicted by animal instinct – which saved 200,000 lives.

Do our animal friends possess a special sense, well beyond human ability, that serves as an efficient early warning system in times of danger?  

First Released in 2013. Content Provided by DCD Rights. Any queries, contact us at hello@littledotstudios.com

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He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. Matt 10:37

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How Do Fireflies Sync Their Iconic Flashes?
« Reply #9 on: July 22, 2021, 02:01:15 pm »


Jul. 20, 2021 By Olivia Rosane

Thousands of fireflies in Shikoku Island, Japan during June 2016. Photographer Kei Nomiyama has visited the Japanese island every year since 2012 to capture the mesmerizing images of thousands of fireflies glowing in the forest. Kei Nomiyama / Barcroft Media / Getty Images

How Do These Fireflies Sync Their Iconic Flashes? New Research Has Answers

The synchronous display of the Photinus carolinus firefly is so mesmerizing that it draws more than 12,000 visitors a year to one of the species' chief staging grounds in the Elkmont, Tennessee section of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. But despite the event's popularity, many questions remain about how and why the fireflies are able to choreograph their light show.

To help shine some light, a trio of researchers from the University of Colorado used 360-degree video recordings and three-dimensional reconstructions to "quantif[y] and characterize precisely" key aspects of the fireflies' behavior for the first time, as lead author Raphaël Sarfati told EcoWatch.

"There's a couple of results in the paper that we think draw a broader picture of how fireflies communicate and interact when they are in their natural environment," he said.

Read more:
https://www.ecowatch.com/firefly-synchronization-2653841078.html
He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. Matt 10:37

 

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